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Dorothy Gale is a fictional character and an adolescent heroine created by the American author L. Frank Baum. Dorothy first appears as the main protagonist in Baum's classic children's novel ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' (1900). She also reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the most familiar character from the Oz books and is used as the focal point in various adaptations, most notably played by late actress Judy Garland in the iconic 1939 MGM musical movie adaptation of the first Oz book, ''The Wizard of Oz'', (and later portrayed by then child actress Fairuza Balk in Walt Disney's 1985 fantasy film ''Return to Oz'', which serves as a semi-sequel version to the 1939 movie as both characters in each portrayal wear Ruby slippers instead of Silver Shoes like in Baum's original story). Importantly, Dorothy owns a small pet dog called Toto, whom she loves dearly and who serves strictly as a sidekick companion, loyally accompanying her on the majority of her adventures. Throughout the series, the universe of Oz steadily becomes more comfortable to her than her own homeland in the prairies of Kansas.〔Jack Zipes, ''When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition'', p 159 ISBN 0-415-92151-1〕 During this time Dorothy becomes best friends with Oz's rightful ruler, the imperial child Queen Princess Ozma. Indeed, in Baum's sixth Oz book ''The Emerald City of Oz'' (1910), Dorothy and Toto leave Kansas behind to permanently live in a lavish apartment suite within the Emerald City's Royal Palace, but only after Dorothy's Aunt Em and Uncle Henry have settled in Oz with them. Unable to pay the mortgage on the new farmhouse that had to be replaced due to the first house being swept away by a cyclone in ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', Dorothy arranged with Ozma to bring her folks along in order to escape their financial troubles. Ozma ultimately proclaims Dorothy as an official princess of Oz. From thereafter, Dorothy is often seen at Ozma's side, as the two young girls become nearly inseparable. ==The Classic Oz Books== In the Oz books, Dorothy is described as being a well grown child for her age, hinted to be no older than twelve-years-old. In appearance, she isn't exactly beautiful but she does have a certain style of modest prettiness about her. She has a round rosy face, big earnest eyes filled with awe, chubby little hands and a merry laugh. When Baum first introduces Dorothy in ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', she is an orphan raised by her aunt and uncle in the isolated midst of a sun baked prairie on a small farm in early 1900s Kansas — "''Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with her Uncle Henry who was a farmer, and Aunt Em who was the farmer's wife''". Dorothy symbolizes the "Spiritual Orphan", and is a metaphor that represents the heart of America. She has no memory of her deceased parents and differs from other female protagonists that sprouted from European culture and foreign fairytales and folklore. She is an individual thinker who is capable of making her own decisions. Dorothy does not necessarily need a prince or Knight in Shining Armor to rescue her or make her whole, as she learns that she already possessed what she was searching for within her all along. Overall, Dorothy is a very independent and heroic figure in the novel and knows how to take of herself. While she sometimes needs assistance in dangerous situations, she ultimately slays her enemies on her own. Dorothy is also an optimistic dreamer, as her dead mother had been. Aunt Em has suggested that the "Fairies" marked her soul at birth, since she has the habit of disappearing for long periods at a time, then suddenly reappearing again completely unharmed. It's as if she is always protected by some unseen force or power. Unlike Judy Garland's iconic portrayal in the 1939 musical ''The Wizard of Oz'', Baum's Dorothy is not a Damsel in Distress, but rather a determined, hands-on, and take-charge character; always standing up for what she believes in and never giving up without a good fight. Fairuza Balk's underrated portrayal of Dorothy in the 1985 semi-sequel film ''Return to Oz'', was much closer to what Baum described his character to be. Dorothy is quite brave and self-assured for being a mere child, exhibiting no fear when she slaps the Cowardly Lion (who is said to be nearly as large as a full grown horse) to defend Toto, and organizing the Winkies' rescue mission to help her friends the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman after they had been damaged and dismembered by the Winged Monkeys. She is ultimately not afraid of angering the Wicked Witch of the West or the consequences in doing so, as shown when the witch tricks Dorothy out of one of her charmed Silver Shoes to increase her own powers. In retaliation Dorothy hurls a bucket of water over the witch, unaware that water is seriously fatal to her —"''Didn't you know water would be the end of me?" asked the Wicked Witch, in a wailing, despairing voice. "Of course not," answered Dorothy. "How should I?''" In the third Oz book ''Ozma of Oz'' (1907), Dorothy brazenly and confidently rebuffs Princess Langwidere when the princess vainly threatens to take her head to wear and add to her collection — "''Well, I b'lieve you won't.''" Whether Aunt Em or Uncle Henry are Dorothy's blood relatives remains unclear. In the sixth Oz book ''The Emerald City of Oz'' (1910), Uncle Henry makes reference to Dorothy's dead mother who he says was a "day dreamer", possibly an indication that Henry is Dorothy's blood relative. It is also possible that "Aunt" and "Uncle" are affectionate terms of a foster family and that Dorothy is not related to either of them, but was a castaway orphan sent to the farm to help and who Henry and Em eventually grew fond of. In ''Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz'' (1908), Zeb Hugson claims to be Dorothy's second cousin, related through Aunt Em. Little mention is made of what happened to Dorothy's birth parents, other than the passing reference to her imaginative mother being deceased. In Disney's 2013 semi-prequel to the 1939 film ''Oz the Great and Powerful'', the minor character played by actress Michelle William's is named Annie in Kansas, (who's counterpart is Glinda in Oz), hints she may indeed be Dorothy's mother when she mentions a marriage proposal from John Gale—possibly Dorothy's biological father. She is also seen wearing a checkered gingham frock like Dorothy, suggesting Dorothy will inherit her mother's style. Anna Laughlin's portrayal of the character in the popular 1903 Broadway version of ''The Wizard of Oz,'' is scripted by Baum to speak in childlike contractions with which she continues to do throughout the book series. This aspect of her character was somewhat lessened by her companionship with Ozma, in whom Baum placed the greater level of wisdom and dignity. Yet even this is complicated by her associations with her cousin, Zeb of Hugson's Ranch, a rugged, manly boy who does not take well to Oz and cannot think of anything much more interesting than defeating the Munchkins' wrestling champion, which he proves unable to do. Many historians have noted that Baum based his protagonist loosely on Lewis Carroll's Alice. Dorothy is whisked away by a cyclone to the undiscovered country of Oz, much like how Alice fell down the rabbit hole into the alternative realm of Wonderland in ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. Both adolescent female characters enter a new world where the rules of fact and logic seldom apply. The tale of ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' can be considered the American version of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. However, unlike Wonderland, Buam intended Oz to be a real place, and not a dream. In the 1939 musical version, when Dorothy returns to Kansas it is implied she was dreaming just like Alice was when she awakens from being in Wonderland. Dorothy's Oz is an alternative version of her surroundings in Kansas just as Alice's Wonderland is an alternative for her surroundings in England. In the ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', when Dorothy first arrives to Oz, she is thought to be a great sorceress by the Munchkins because of her appearance. Her trademark gingham dress of white and faded blue checks means that she is not dangerous but friendly, as blue is the Munchkin's favorite color and white is only worn by good witches in Oz, indicating to the Ozians in general that she is of a good nature. In many of the sequels, Dorothy is the main heroine of the story, ultimately becoming a princess as Alice becomes a Queen in ''Alice through the Looking Glass''. Like Alice, Dorothy was a little girl longing for something other than the boring routine of everyday life and experienced adventures leading to her wildest dreams. Besides Toto, Dorothy has several other pets, including her white/pink/purple kitten, Eureka. Popular in crossword puzzles is Dorothy's cow, Imogene, from the 1902 stage version, and implicitly, though unnamed, in the 1910 film. Eric Shanower's modern Oz novel, ''The Giant Garden of Oz'', features a cow named Imogene. In ''The Emerald City of Oz'' (1910), when Uncle Henry and Aunt Em are unable to pay the mortgage on the new farmhouse Henry had built at the very end of ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', Dorothy brings them to live in Oz; the plot features a tour of Oz as a marvelous, Utopian land in which they have escaped the troubles of Kansas. She becomes princess of Oz and Ozma's "companion" essentially marrying the queen.〔Jack Zipes, ''When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition'', p 178-9 ISBN 0-415-92151-1〕 Dorothy is also a strong standard character, having at least a cameo role in thirteen of the fourteen Oz books written by L. Frank Baum (while she did not appear at all in ''The Marvelous Land of Oz'', (1904) she is mentioned several times in that story, as it was her actions in ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' that led to the events in the former) and is at least a frequent figure in the nineteen that followed by author Ruth Plumly Thompson, getting at least a cameo in all her books except ''Captain Salt in Oz'' (in which neither Oz nor any of its inhabitants appear, though they are mentioned). Major subsequent appearances by Dorothy in the "Famous Forty" are in ''The Lost Princess of Oz'', ''Glinda of Oz'', ''The Royal Book of Oz'', ''Grampa in Oz'', ''The Lost King of Oz'', ''The Wishing Horse of Oz'', ''Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz'', and ''The Magical Mimics in Oz''. Most of the other books focus on different child protagonists, some Ozite, some from other Nonestican realms, and some from the United States, and as such, her appearances in the main series become more and more limited. In Jack Snow's ''The Magical Mimics in Oz'' (1946), Ozma places Dorothy on the throne of Oz while she is away visiting Queen Lurline's fairy band, demonstrating that she is Ozma's second-in-command. The magic that enchants the realm of Oz and surrounds its inhabitants keeps Dorothy young, as time goes on, she remains in the form of a child. In ''The Lost King of Oz'' (1925), a Wish Way carries Dorothy to a film set in Hollywood, California. She begins to age very rapidly to her late 20s, making up for at least some of the years that have already passed. The Wish Way carries her back to Oz and restores her to her younger self, but she learns then that it would be unwise for her ever to return to the outside world. Baum never states Dorothy's age, but he does state in ''The Lost Princess of Oz'' (1917), that she is a year younger than Betsy Bobbin and a year older than Trot, whose age was specified as 10 in Ruth Plumly Thompson's ''The Giant Horse of Oz'' (1928). That would make Dorothy roughly eleven. Thompson's Oz books show a certain intolerance in Dorothy. In ''The Cowardly Lion of Oz'' (1923), circus clown Notta Bit More arrives in the Emerald City "disguised" as a traditional witch, and Dorothy immediately starts dumping buckets of water on him without provocation (although she reacted this way on the assumption that the "witch" Notta was an evil witch like her old enemy, the Wicked Witch of the West). In ''The Wishing Horse of Oz'' (1935), she makes unsavory comments about the dark coloration of ''Gloma'' and her subjects take on as a disguise, making them somewhat resemble African Americans. This behavior is not a strict characteristic of Dorothy in Baum's Oz books. However, in Baum's ''The Patchwork Girl of Oz'' (1913), she slaps through crowds of black Tottenhots to rescue the Scarecrow, whom they are tossing around, but this is more an example of her gumption than any sort of prejudice, as she is otherwise kind and polite to the Tottenhots, and accepts that their ways are different from those who dwell in the Emerald City. The authorized sequels of Sherwood Smith, ''The Emerald Wand of Oz'' and ''Trouble Under Oz'', center on the child characters Dori and Em, who live with their Aunt Susan. All three are indirect descendants of Dorothy, though their specific relationship to her is unclear. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dorothy Gale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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